10.7. Glibc-2.4 64-Bit

#### Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch - Version 1.0.0rc1-Sparc64-Multilib

### Chapter 10. Installing Basic System Software

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# 10.7. Glibc-2.4 64-Bit

The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching, arithmetic, and so on.

## 10.7.1. Installation of Glibc

The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still pointing at `/tools`. The specs and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal of achieving a clean build.

The following patch fixes an issue that can cause localdef to segfault:

    patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.4-localedef_segfault-1.patch

The following patch fixes an issue with iconv:

    patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.4-iconv_fix-1.patch

The following sed fixes a build issue with Glibc. This will prevent nscd from trying to link to libraries that don't exist:

    cp -v nscd/Makefile{,.orig}
    sed -e "/nscd_stat.o: sysincludes = # nothing/d" nscd/Makefile.orig > \
        nscd/Makefile

The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory:

    mkdir -v ../glibc-build
    cd ../glibc-build

Tell Glibc to install its 64-bit libraries into `/lib64`:

    echo "slibdir=/lib64" >> configparms

For TLS support on the Sparc64 we will need to add the following lines to `config.cache`:

    echo "libc_cv_sparc64_tls=yes" >> config.cache

Prepare Glibc for compilation:

    CC="gcc ${BUILD64}" CXX="g++ ${BUILD64}" \
        ../glibc-2.4/configure --prefix=/usr \
        --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --enable-kernel=2.6.0 \
        --libexecdir=/usr/lib64/glibc --libdir=/usr/lib64 \
        --cache-file=config.cache

The meaning of the new configure option:

`--libexecdir=/usr/lib64/glibc`

  This changes the location of the pt_chown program from its default of `/usr/libexec` to `/usr/lib64/glibc`.

Compile the package:

    make

### Important

The test suite for Glibc is considered critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.

Test the results:

    make check

The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of the host system, in particular the kernel. In general, the Glibc test suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain circumstances, some failures are unavoidable. This is a list of the most common issues:

- The math tests sometimes fail. Certain optimization settings are known to be a factor here.

- The gettext test sometimes fails due to host system issues. The exact reasons are not yet clear.

- If you have mounted the CLFS partition with the `noatime` option, the atime test will fail. As mentioned in Section 2.4, “Mounting the New Partition”, do not use the `noatime` option while building CLFS.

- When running on older and slower hardware, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.

Install the package:

    make install

## 10.7.2. Internationalization

The locales that can make the system respond in a different language were not installed by the above command. Install them with:

    make localedata/install-locales

To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which generates and installs every locale listed in the glibc-2.4/localedata/SUPPORTED file) is to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be achieved by using the localedef command. Information on this command is located in the `INSTALL` file in the Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the libstdc++ tests from GCC. The following instructions, instead of the `install-locales` target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully:

    mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
    localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
    localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
    localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
    localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
    localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
    localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
    localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
    localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
    localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
    localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
    localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP

Some locales installed by the make localedata/install-locales command above are not properly supported by some applications that are in the CLFS and BLFS books. Because of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making assumptions that break in such locales, CLFS should not be used in locales that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left writing order. Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to fix these problems, and it has been decided by the CLFS developers not to support such complex locales at this time. This applies to the ja_JP and fa_IR locales as well—they have been installed only for GCC and Gettext tests to pass, and the watch program (part of the Procps package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related hints.

## 10.7.3. Configuring Glibc

The `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file needs to be created because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone also needs to be configured.

Create a new file `/etc/nsswitch.conf` by running the following:

    cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf

    passwd: files
    group: files
    shadow: files

    hosts: files dns
    networks: files

    protocols: files
    services: files
    ethers: files
    rpc: files

    # End /etc/nsswitch.conf
    EOF

To determine the local time zone, run the following script:

    tzselect

After answering a few questions about the location, the script will output the name of the time zone (e.g., EST5EDT or Canada/Eastern). Then create the `/etc/localtime` file by running:

    cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/[xxx] \
        /etc/localtime

Replace `[xxx]` with the name of the time zone that tzselect provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern).

The meaning of the cp option:

`--remove-destination`

  This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to cover the situation where `/usr` is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into single user mode.

## 10.7.4. Configuring The Dynamic Loader

By default, the dynamic loader (`/lib/ld-linux.so.2`) searches through `/lib`, `/lib64`, `/usr/lib`, and `/usr/lib64` for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than these, they need to be added to the `/etc/ld.so.conf` file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Some directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are `/usr/local/lib`, `/usr/local/lib64`, `/opt/lib`, and `/opt/lib64`, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path.

Create a new file `/etc/ld.so.conf` by running the following:

    cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
    # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf

    /usr/local/lib
    /usr/local/lib64
    /opt/lib
    /opt/lib64

    # End /etc/ld.so.conf
    EOF

## 10.7.5. Contents of Glibc

Installed programs: catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, and zic
Installed libraries: ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so, and libutil.[a,so]

### Short Descriptions

catchsegv | Can be used to create a stack trace when a program terminates with a segmentation fault
gencat | Generates message catalogues
getconf | Displays the system configuration values for file system specific variables
getent | Gets entries from an administrative database
iconv | Performs character set conversion
iconvconfig | Creates fastloading iconv module configuration files
ldconfig | Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings
ldd | Reports which shared libraries are required by each given program or shared library
lddlibc4 | Assists ldd with object files
locale | Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations
localedef | Compiles locale specifications
mtrace | Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary in human-readable format
nscd | A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name service requests
pcprofiledump | Dumps information generated by PC profiling
pt_chown | A helper program for grantpt to set the owner, group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal
rpcgen | Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC) protocol
rpcinfo | Makes an RPC call to an RPC server
sln | A statically linked ln program
sprof | Reads and displays shared object profiling data
tzselect | Asks the user about the location of the system and reports the corresponding time zone description
xtrace | Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently executed function
zdump | The time zone dumper
zic | The time zone compiler
`ld.so` | The helper program for shared library executables
`libBrokenLocale` | Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales
`libSegFault` | The segmentation fault signal handler
`libanl` | An asynchronous name lookup library
`libbsd-compat` | Provides the portability needed in order to run certain Berkey Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux
`libc` | The main C library
`libcrypt` | The cryptography library
`libdl` | The dynamic linking interface library
`libg` | A runtime library for g++
`libieee` | The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) floating point library
`libm` | The mathematical library
`libmcheck` | Contains code run at boot
`libmemusage` | Used by memusage to help collect information about the memory usage of a program
`libnsl` | The network services library
`libnss` | The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services, protocols, etc.
`libpcprofile` | Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU time spent in specific source code lines
`libpthread` | The POSIX threads library
`libresolv` | Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers
`librpcsvc` | Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services
`librt` | Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension
`libthread_db` | Contains functions useful for building debuggers for multi-threaded programs
`libutil` | Contains code for “standard” functions used in many different Unix utilities

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